Cheetahs are primarily found in the savannahs and grasslands of eastern and southern Africa, with a small population in parts of Iran. Historically, cheetahs were present across Asia and Europe but have since lost much of their range. 

Cheetahs are carnivores that hunt smaller animals such as hares, young antelope, and birds. While they are highly skilled hunters, they often lose a significant portion of their kill to larger predators like lions and hyenas. 

Female cheetahs are solitary, while males often form small groups called coalitions. Female cheetahs give birth to between three and six cubs, which are born with a thick mane of grey fur along their backs. This mane provides some camouflage and protection in the early stages of life. 

Cheetah cubs are often thought to mimic the behaviour of the African honey badger, as they are not very effective at defending themselves. Instead of confronting threats, they typically flee from danger. Mothers leave their cubs at 18 months, with females generally becoming independent by the age of two. 

Cheetah populations are under threat due to high cub mortality rates, which can be as high as 90% in the wild. As a result, cheetahs are classified as Vulnerable, with the situation in Asia being particularly dire, with populations considered Critical. Efforts, including breeding programs, are in place to help increase numbers. Additional threats to cheetahs include habitat loss, disease, and human-wildlife conflict, especially in areas where they coexist with livestock. 

Despite their ability to run at incredible speeds, cheetahs can only maintain these bursts of speed for around 60 seconds. Prolonged exertion raises their body temperature and even a slight rise in body temperature can lead to overheating, and prolonged exertion can cause brain damage. To avoid this, they need to stop and cool down after about 60 seconds. After a chase, cheetahs often need to rest for up to 30 minutes to allow their bodies to cool down. 

Fota Wildlife Park is renowned for its successful cheetah breeding program, with over 280 cheetah cubs born at the park since 1985. The park houses cheetahs in a way that mirrors their natural social structure: males live in groups, while females are kept separately. Fota is also home to Ireland’s first and only Cheetah Run, an exhibit designed to keep the cheetahs active and encourage them to maintain their natural instincts. Fota’s cheetahs are fed a diet of chicken, rabbit, or horsemeat, with rabbit being their preferred choice and horsemeat offered once a week for added nutrition.