The Indian peafowl is classified as a large pheasant and inhabits open forests and grasslands across India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.

Peafowl are omnivorous and primarily forage for seeds, insects, fruits, and small reptiles. While they are capable fliers, they typically nest and forage on the ground and roost in trees.
During the breeding season, the male displays his impressive tail feathers in a fan-like shape to attract a mate. After the courtship, the male moults his train while the female is focused on laying eggs and caring for the young. Peahens usually lay four to eight eggs, which incubate for about 28 days. The male does not assist in rearing the chicks.

The Indian peafowl is widespread across South Asia and enjoys legal protection, especially in India, where it holds cultural and religious significance. Though populations are estimated to number over 100,000 individuals, illegal hunting for meat remains a threat, and the species has seen a decline in some regions of India.

In Hinduism, the Indian peafowl is a sacred bird, with the eyespots on its tail feathers believed to represent the eyes of the gods. The bird is also prominent in Greek mythology and has been India’s national bird since 1963.

Indian peafowl are relatively common in Ireland, largely due to the historical demand for them on large estates during the British Empire's era. The peacock's impressive tail displays continue to captivate visitors at Fota Wildlife Park. The species has maintained a strong presence in the park, with its numbers steadily increasing in recent years.